Маркеры литогенной активности при мочекаменной болезни

Литогенный процесс развивается незаметно. Было предложено несколько маркеров для выявления активации литогенного процесса. В данном обзоре мы проанализировали опубликованные данные о принципах действия этих диагностических тестов и описали 6 групп маркеров литогенной активности: 1) концентрация в моче камнеобразующих и ингибирующих ионов, а также производные от них соотношения, индексы и степени перенасыщения камнеобразующими соединениями; 2) макромолекулы и другие молекулы-маркеры, определяемые в моче; 3)физические свойства мочи; 4) маркеры крови; 5) маркеры, определяемые инструментальными методами; 6) тесты индуцированной кристаллизации мочи. Самыми перспективными и наиболее успешными маркерами литогенной активности являются тесты индуцированной кристаллизации мочи, которые могут применяться для выявления периодов повышенной литогенной активности, что может дать возможность предотвратить камнеобразование за счет своевременного усиления терапии. Наличие доступного и удобного маркера литогенной активности, применяемого регулярно в системе дистанционного мониторинга, позволит реализовать персонализированную программу предотвращения рецидивов мочекаменной болезни. 

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